This engaging 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the protective functions of skin, the largest external structure on animals. Aligned with NGSS standard 4-LS1-1 and Disciplinary Core Idea LS1.A, the passage explains how skin serves as a critical barrier between an animal's body and the outside world. Students learn that skin keeps harmful germs out, holds essential moisture inside the body, and provides the important sense of touch. The passage explores the diversity of skin types across different animal species, from thick elephant skin to moist frog skin to skin covered with fur or scales. Audio-integrated for accessibility, this passage builds foundational understanding of how external structures support survival. Accompanying activities include comprehension questions, writing prompts, and graphic organizers that help students analyze structure-function relationships and compare skin adaptations across species. Perfect for introducing body systems and animal adaptations in elementary science classrooms.
Written by Workybooks TeamPublished by Workybooks
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Skin is a vital external structure helping animals stay healthy and survive.
Skin is the largest external structure on an animal's body. An external structure is a body part you can see on the outside. Skin is important because it acts as a barrier that separates the inside of the body from the outside world.
Skin does three main jobs to help animals survive. First, skin keeps harmful germs out of the body. Germs are tiny living things that can make animals sick. When skin is healthy and unbroken, germs cannot get inside. Second, skin holds moisture inside the body. Moisture is water that the body needs to stay alive. Without skin, the water inside an animal would dry up. Third, skin provides the sense of touch. Touch helps animals feel heat, cold, pain, and pressure, which warns them about danger.
Different animals have different types of skin that match their needs. An elephant has thick, tough skin that protects it from thorns and the hot sun. A frog has thin, moist skin that must stay wet to help the frog breathe through its skin. Many animals have skin covered with other structures like fur, feathers, or scales. These coverings add extra protection. Skin is the first line of defense that helps animals stay healthy and survive in their environments.
Interesting Fact: A hippopotamus makes its own "sunscreen" by producing a red, oily liquid from its skin that protects it from sunburn and kills germs!
What is the largest external structure?
FurSkinScalesFeathers
What does skin keep out?
SunlightAirGermsFood
What does moisture mean?
Air that animals breatheFood that animals eatWater the body needsGerms that cause sickness
Why does an elephant have thick skin?
To help it swim betterTo protect from thorns and sunTo help it breatheTo make it run faster
How does frog skin help frogs?
It helps them flyIt helps them see betterIt helps them breatheIt helps them eat
What sense does skin provide?
SmellTasteTouchHearing
Skin acts as a barrier.
TrueFalse
What is an external structure?
A body part insideA body part you see outsideA type of foodA kind of germ