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Benjamin Franklin in Colonial America — Reading Comprehension

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HSS 5.5
8.1
RI.6-8.1
RI.6-8.3

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This U.S. History reading passage explores the life and influence of Benjamin Franklin, a key colonial leader whose ideas and actions helped shape American identity. Through a detailed, evidence-based account, students learn about Franklin’s journey from printer to polymath, his Enlightenment ideals, civic contributions, scientific inventions, and diplomatic achievements during the American Revolution. The passage also addresses complexities in Franklin’s life, including the challenges he faced and the solutions he developed. Activities include multiple-choice questions, writing prompts, graphic organizers, and a timeline of major events. The passage aligns with HSS 5.5 and 8.1, as well as Common Core standards RI.6-8.1 and RI.6-8.3. Audio read aloud and Spanish translation are available, along with differentiated versions for accessibility. Designed to build historical thinking, academic vocabulary, and reading comprehension, this resource is suitable for both classroom and independent study. Key terms such as Enlightenment, diplomacy, civic virtue, and polymath are highlighted to support vocabulary development and historical understanding.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Benjamin Franklin's press in his printing house, now a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where one of the most esteemed of America's — "Benjamin Franklin's press in his printing house, by Highsmith, Carol M., 1946- / Library of Congress.

Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential figures in Colonial America and the American Revolution. Born in 1706 in Boston, Franklin began his career as a printer’s apprentice, using his skills to publish newspapers and pamphlets that spread new ideas throughout the colonies. He became known for his sharp wit, scientific curiosity, and ability to solve problems. Over time, Franklin would become a leading voice for American independence, using his talents as a polymath—a person skilled in many areas—to shape the course of history.

Franklin’s life is best understood by comparing his different roles: scientist, writer, and statesman. As a scientist, Franklin experimented with electricity and invented useful objects like the lightning rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove. His inventions improved everyday life and demonstrated the values of the Enlightenment, a movement that encouraged reason and scientific thinking. Franklin’s scientific work made him famous in Europe and helped establish America’s reputation for innovation.

As a writer and publisher, Franklin used his skills to influence colonial society. His newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, became a leading source of news. Through Poor Richard’s Almanack, Franklin shared advice and proverbs, promoting ideas like civic virtue—the belief that citizens should work for the common good. During a time when not everyone could read, Franklin started the first public library in America, making knowledge more accessible.

Franklin faced many challenges in his career. In England, he tried to persuade British leaders to treat the colonies fairly, but his efforts failed. This disappointment led him to support American independence. As a diplomat, Franklin played a crucial role in negotiating the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which officially ended the Revolutionary War. His skillful diplomacy convinced France to support the American cause, providing vital resources and turning the tide of the war.

Despite his achievements, Franklin’s life had contradictions. He owned enslaved people for part of his life, but later became an outspoken critic of slavery. He also balanced loyalty to Britain with his desire for colonial rights, which created conflicts with friends and colleagues. Franklin’s willingness to change his views and admit mistakes is part of what made him an effective leader.

Franklin’s legacy continues today. His commitment to public service, science, and education left a lasting mark on American identity. He helped define what it meant to be an American—curious, practical, and committed to freedom and progress.

Interesting Fact: Benjamin Franklin was the only Founding Father to sign all three key documents: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Paris, and the United States Constitution.

Where was Benjamin Franklin born?

BostonPhiladelphiaNew YorkParis

What was Franklin's first job?

Printer’s apprenticeTeacherLawyerFarmer

Which war ended with the Treaty of Paris?

Revolutionary WarCivil WarWorld War IFrench and Indian War

Why did Franklin support independence?

Britain ignored colonial rightsHe wanted more inventionsHe disliked scienceHe wanted to be king

How did Franklin help the American cause?

Diplomacy with FranceFought as a soldierBuilt shipsMoved to Britain

Franklin believed in civic virtue. What does this mean?

Helping the communityInventing machinesTraveling to EuropeOwning land