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Dust Bowl Migrant Workers — Reading Comprehension

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HSS 11.6.3
RI.6-8.1
RI.6-8.2

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This engaging U.S. history reading passage explores the experiences of migrant workers during the Great Depression, aligning with HSS 11.6.3 and CCSS RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.2. Students learn about the economic, social, and environmental challenges faced by migrant families as they traveled in search of farm work. The passage highlights key vocabulary, analyzes the causes and consequences of their struggles, and encourages students to think critically about historical evidence. Included are a glossary of essential terms, a Spanish translation, a simplified version for differentiated instruction, and a suite of activities such as a quiz, writing prompts, graphic organizers, and a timeline. Audio support is provided for accessibility. This resource is ideal for developing reading comprehension and historical analysis skills in social studies classrooms.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Migrant agricultural worker's family. Seven hungry children. Mother aged thirty-two. Father is native Californian. Nipomo, California.
Source: Library of Congress - Lange, Dorothea

The Great Depression was a period of severe economic crisis in the United States that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s. During this time, millions of Americans lost their jobs and homes. Families who relied on farming were especially hard hit. Many faced not only economic hardship but also environmental disasters such as the Dust Bowl, which destroyed crops and forced thousands to leave their land.

These displaced families became migrant workers, traveling long distances to find temporary labor on farms in California and other states. The journey itself was dangerous and exhausting. Families often traveled in old vehicles, carrying very few possessions. Along the way, they encountered many obstacles, including scarce resources, discrimination from local communities, and uncertain job prospects. Despite these challenges, their determination to survive kept them moving forward.

Migrant workers faced extremely poor living and working conditions. They usually lived in makeshift camps or overcrowded shelters with little access to clean water or medical care. Wages were very low, and there was fierce competition for even the lowest-paying jobs. Farm owners often took advantage of the vulnerable position of these workers, paying them less than promised or denying basic rights. This led to exploitation, as families struggled to earn enough money for food and shelter.

In addition to economic difficulties, migrant families dealt with social isolation and prejudice. Many local residents viewed them as outsiders and blamed them for problems in their communities. This discrimination made it even harder for migrants to find work and live in dignity. Despite these hardships, some migrant workers organized strikes and protests, demanding better conditions and fair treatment. Their efforts brought attention to their struggles and slowly led to reforms in labor laws.

The story of migrant workers during the Great Depression reveals the complex connections between economic forces, environmental disasters, and social attitudes. It shows how individuals and families can endure hardship and fight for their rights, even when facing overwhelming obstacles. Historians use photographs, personal stories, and government records as evidence to understand this period and its lasting effects on American society.

Interesting Fact: In 1936, photographer Dorothea Lange captured an image called "Migrant Mother," which became a powerful symbol of the struggles faced by migrant families during the Great Depression.

When did the Great Depression start?

1929190119451950

Which disaster destroyed crops?

HurricaneDust BowlEarthquakeFlood

Who took the 'Migrant Mother' photo?

Dorothea LangeAnsel AdamsLewis HineWalker Evans

Why did families migrate?

For better weatherTo find workTo see familyFor education

What problem did migrants face?

High wagesGood housingDiscriminationShort work hours

How did some migrants respond to poor conditions?

Organized strikesLeft the countryChanged jobsBought land