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This engaging 250-word reading passage introduces fourth-grade students to the concept of fish gills and how they function as respiratory structures. Aligned with NGSS 4-LS1-1 and the Disciplinary Core Idea LS1.A (Structure and Function), the passage explains that fish do not have lungs because they live in water. Instead, they possess gills—internal structures located on the sides of their heads that extract dissolved oxygen from water. Students learn how water flows over the gills, allowing oxygen to pass into the blood while carbon dioxide is released. The passage emphasizes that gills solve the same survival need as lungs but are specially adapted for an aquatic environment. This audio-integrated resource includes a simplified differentiated version for struggling readers, complete Spanish translations of both passages, a comprehensive glossary of key terms, multiple-choice questions testing recall and application, writing activities with suggested answers, and graphic organizers in table format. The content builds foundational understanding of how different animals have different structures that serve similar functions, preparing students for hands-on investigations and deeper discussions about animal adaptations and survival needs in various environments.
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Fish live in water all the time, so they cannot breathe air the way humans do. Instead of lungs, which are organs that take oxygen from air, fish have gills. Gills are special organs that take oxygen from water. This is important because fish need oxygen to survive, just like all animals do.
Gills are located on the sides of a fish's head. They are protected by a hard flap called the gill cover. When a fish opens its mouth, water flows in. The water moves over the gills, which are inside the fish's body. As water passes over the gills, oxygen that is dissolved in the water moves into the fish's blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas from the fish's body, passes out of the blood and into the water. The water then flows out through the gill cover.
Gills and lungs are different structures, but they solve the same problem. Both organs help animals get the oxygen they need to live. Gills work perfectly for fish because they are designed to take oxygen from water instead of air. Without gills, fish could not survive in their underwater home.
Interesting Fact: Some fish can breathe through their skin as well as their gills! Eels and some catfish absorb extra oxygen directly through their skin when they are in water with very little oxygen.
Where are fish gills located?
On the sides of the headInside the fish's stomachOn the fish's tailUnder the fish's belly
What do gills take from water?
Food and nutrientsOxygenCarbon dioxideSalt and minerals
What protects the gills?
Fish scalesThe fish's mouthThe gill coverThe fish's fins
Why do fish need gills?
To swim faster in waterTo get oxygen to surviveTo catch food underwaterTo stay warm in cold water
How are gills and lungs similar?
They both look the sameThey both help animals get oxygenThey both work in waterThey both are on the head
What happens when water flows over gills?
Oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leavesThe fish gets foodThe water becomes cleanerThe fish grows bigger
Fish can breathe air like humans do.
TrueFalse
What does the word 'organs' mean?
Body parts that do important jobsTypes of fish foodDifferent kinds of waterParts of a fish tank
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