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Knights of Labor — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This history reading passage examines the Knights of Labor, one of the first large and inclusive labor unions in the United States. Students will analyze the motivations behind the union’s formation, its unique approach to inclusivity, and the challenges it faced. The passage uses a compare/contrast structure to highlight how the Knights differed from other labor organizations of the era, weaving in perspectives from workers, leaders, and critics. A primary source quote helps students connect with the historical context. The resource includes a glossary of academic vocabulary, a Spanish translation, and a timeline of key events. Activities support close reading, historical reasoning, and writing skills aligned to C3 Framework and Common Core standards. Students can also access a read aloud audio and graphic organizers to deepen their historical understanding.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Women delegates to the 1886 convention of the Knights of Labor
Source: Library of Congress

The Knights of Labor was one of the first large labor unions in the United States. Founded in 1869, it welcomed workers from many different occupations and backgrounds, including skilled and unskilled workers, immigrants, women, and African Americans. This broad membership was unusual for its time, as most unions only accepted workers from a single trade or group. The Knights believed that unity and solidarity among all workers were essential to improve working conditions and protect workers’ rights.

During the late 1800s, American workers often faced dangerous jobs, long hours, and low pay. The Knights of Labor saw these conditions as a major problem and argued that workers deserved better. Their main reforms included the push for an eight-hour workday, higher wages, and safer workplaces. They also supported equal pay for equal work, regardless of gender or race. These goals challenged the existing social and economic order, putting the Knights in conflict with many business owners and some political leaders.

Unlike some unions that focused on strikes and confrontation, the Knights often preferred peaceful negotiation and arbitration to resolve disputes. However, as the union grew, it faced many difficulties. Some members disagreed about tactics, and not all employers were willing to negotiate fairly. Tensions came to a head during the 1886 Haymarket Affair in Chicago, when a protest for workers’ rights turned violent. Although the Knights were not directly responsible, the public associated them with the violence, which hurt their reputation and caused membership to decline.

The Knights of Labor reached its peak in the mid-1880s, with nearly 700,000 members. Despite their eventual decline, the Knights helped set the stage for future labor organizations by showing the power of a united workforce. Their efforts inspired later unions like the American Federation of Labor, which continued the struggle for fair wages and better conditions. The Knights’ dream of a society where workers could earn a decent living and have a say in their workplaces influenced many later reforms and laws.

Today, the Knights of Labor are remembered for their inclusive vision and their role in the labor movement. They demonstrated that collective action and solidarity could lead to positive change, even if progress was slow and sometimes met with resistance. Their legacy lives on in the rights and protections that American workers have today.

Interesting Fact: The Knights of Labor was one of the first national unions to support equal pay for women as well as men, long before laws required it.

When was the Knights of Labor founded?

1869188619001850

What event hurt the Knights' reputation?

Civil WarHaymarket AffairBoston Tea PartyWorld War I

What was a major goal of the Knights?

Eight-hour workdayFree collegeOpen bordersNo taxes

Why was the Knights' membership unusual?

Only men joinedIt included many groupsIt was only for farmersIt banned immigrants

What effect did the Haymarket Affair have?

Membership declinedMore people joinedUnions were praisedAll unions ended

How did the Knights try to solve disputes?

ArbitrationOnly strikesIgnoring problemsLeaving their jobs