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Lord Dunmore's Proclamation — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This passage explores Lord Dunmore's Proclamation and its complex role in the American Revolution. Students will learn how Lord Dunmore, Virginia's last royal governor, offered freedom to enslaved people who joined the British cause in 1775. The passage analyzes the motivations behind this strategic act, its impact on enslaved Africans, Patriots, and Loyalists, and the resulting conflicts and contradictions in early American society. Students are challenged to think critically about multiple perspectives and the consequences of using emancipation as a wartime strategy. The content aligns with C3 Framework and Common Core standards, and includes a timeline, glossary, and comprehension activities. Audio read aloud and Spanish translation are provided to support diverse learners. This resource is ideal for deepening students' understanding of the American Revolution and the intersection of slavery and freedom.

CONTENT PREVIEW

In November 1775, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, issued a bold document known as Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation. This official announcement declared that any enslaved person who escaped from a Patriot owner and joined the British army would receive freedom. The proclamation was not only a wartime order but also a daring strategy intended to weaken the American colonies' fight for independence.

The American Revolution was a conflict between the British government and thirteen American colonies. Many colonists supported independence, while others remained loyal to Britain. As the war began, both sides needed more soldiers. Lord Dunmore saw an opportunity to gain support for the British military by offering freedom to enslaved people. For enslaved people, this offer represented a possible escape from a life of forced labor, though it also carried significant risk.

Dunmore's proclamation caused alarm among Patriot leaders and slaveholders. They feared it would encourage mass escapes and rebellion. Some Patriots accused the British of trying to disrupt colonial society. However, for many enslaved people, the promise of freedom was powerful. Thousands risked their lives to reach British lines and join the fight, hoping to gain liberty and change their future.

This wartime policy changed the nature of the conflict. Some enslaved people became soldiers, while others worked for the British as laborers or spies. However, the path to freedom was uncertain. British victory was not guaranteed, and some who joined faced harsh conditions or were returned to slavery if captured. The proclamation revealed the complexities of the American Revolution, as it challenged ideas about liberty, rights, and who deserved freedom.

The impact of Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation was significant. It forced both the British and Americans to reconsider their military plans and their positions on slavery. Some Patriot leaders worried about loyalty among enslaved people and took actions to prevent escape. In response, some colonies began to offer freedom to those who fought for the American side, showing how the struggle for independence was deeply connected to questions of freedom for all.

Historians debate whether Dunmore’s proclamation was mainly a military tactic or a step toward ending slavery. While many who joined the British did not gain lasting freedom, the proclamation inspired other similar offers and set the stage for future debates about slavery and rights in the new United States. It remains a striking example of how the promise of freedom could shape people’s decisions and change the course of history.

Interesting Fact: Some of those who escaped under Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation later resettled in Canada, Britain, or other parts of the British Empire, forming new free Black communities.

Who issued the proclamation in 1775?

Lord DunmoreGeorge WashingtonKing George IIIBenjamin Franklin

What did Lord Dunmore promise?

Freedom to enslaved peopleLand to colonistsPeace with PatriotsMore taxes

Which war was this proclamation part of?

American RevolutionCivil WarWorld War IFrench and Indian War

Why did Patriots fear Dunmore’s Proclamation?

It might incite mass escapesIt promised new jobsIt ended the warIt increased taxes

How did the proclamation affect enslaved people?

Gave them a chance for freedomForced them to fight PatriotsSent them to BritainMade them work harder

What was a major impact of the proclamation?

Changed military strategiesStarted the warHelped the PatriotsEnded slavery