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NOW National Organization for Women Founded 1966 — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
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W.4.2

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This history passage examines the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966, a pivotal moment in the United States women's rights movement. Students will analyze the causes, motivations, and consequences of NOW's creation, exploring multiple perspectives and the complexities of fighting for gender equality. The passage integrates primary source evidence, including a quote from NOW's Statement of Purpose, and emphasizes disciplinary vocabulary such as 'discrimination,' 'activist,' and 'legislation.' Activities include a reading comprehension quiz, writing prompts, and a graphic organizer, all aligned with C3 Framework and Common Core standards. The resource features a timeline of key events, a glossary, and a Spanish translation, making it accessible and engaging for diverse learners. Read aloud audio is also provided to support comprehension and literacy skills.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"NOW women" by Unknown author.
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

In 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded to address the growing demand for equality between men and women in the United States. During the 1960s, women faced widespread discrimination in the workplace, schools, and the legal system. Traditional gender roles limited women's opportunities, and many jobs were closed to them. Even women who worked often received lower pay than men for the same work. The founders of NOW believed that these problems required organized efforts and advocacy to bring about real change.

The creation of NOW was inspired by frustration with slow progress on women's rights. Despite earlier advances, such as the right to vote in 1920, women still struggled for fairness in daily life. The leaders who organized NOW included Betty Friedan, Pauli Murray, and Shirley Chisholm. They saw that laws and policies were not always enforced equally. As a result, they wanted to build an organization that would use activism—including marches, legal challenges, and public campaigns—to demand justice for women.

NOW's early goals focused on several major challenges. First, they wanted equal employment opportunities. Many companies refused to hire women or promoted men more quickly. Second, NOW called for equal educational access. At the time, some schools and colleges limited or excluded women from certain programs. Third, NOW fought for changes in the law, including better protection against workplace discrimination and support for working mothers. Members argued that these changes would benefit not only women but also society as a whole.

However, the struggle for equality was not simple. Some Americans resisted these changes, fearing they would disrupt traditional family roles or challenge existing beliefs. NOW's leaders used a variety of strategies to win support. They wrote articles, organized rallies, and lobbied lawmakers. These efforts helped raise public awareness and pressured the government to enforce civil rights laws more fairly. Over time, NOW's advocacy led to important achievements, such as Title IX in 1972, which banned sex discrimination in education.

Despite progress, the movement faced internal debates over priorities and strategies. Some members wanted to focus on legal reforms, while others pushed for broader social changes. This diversity of ideas sometimes caused disagreements, yet it also made the organization stronger and more responsive. The history of NOW shows how social change often requires both unity and respectful debate.

Today, NOW continues to stand for women's rights in the United States. Its legacy includes not only major legal victories but also a wider understanding of gender equality and the importance of activism. The story of NOW is a reminder that progress depends on determination, organized effort, and the willingness to challenge injustice.

Interesting Fact: In 1968, NOW became the first large national group to call for the legalization of abortion, showing its commitment to addressing controversial women's health issues.

When was NOW founded?

1966197219201980

Who was NOT a founder of NOW?

Shirley ChisholmPauli MurrayBetty FriedanSusan B. Anthony

What law did NOW help influence in 1972?

Title IXCivil Rights ActEmancipation ProclamationVoting Rights Act

Why was NOW created?

To fight for women's equalityTo support only menTo end World War IITo start new schools

How did NOW try to create change?

Activism and legal challengesBuilding factoriesSelling productsStaying silent

Why did some people resist NOW's goals?

Feared changes to family rolesWanted more lawsSupported women's rightsLiked new policies