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Prohibition 1920-1933: Consequences — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This reading passage explores the complex history of Prohibition in the United States from 1920 to 1933. Students will analyze the causes behind the 18th Amendment, the intentions of reformers, and the unintended consequences that followed, including the rise of organized crime and changes in American society. The text is aligned with the C3 Framework and Common Core standards, encouraging students to evaluate multiple perspectives, use historical evidence, and understand cause and effect. Activities include a multiple-choice quiz, writing prompts, a timeline of key events, and a graphic organizer for comparing perspectives. The passage also features a Spanish translation and an audio read aloud option, making it accessible for diverse learners. This resource is ideal for developing critical thinking and historical literacy skills.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"Detroit police prohibition" by Unknown author (not listed).
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

The period from 1920 to 1933 in the United States is known as Prohibition. During this time, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution made it illegal to produce, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages. Supporters of Prohibition believed that banning alcohol would improve society by reducing crime, poverty, and family issues. However, the actual consequences were far more complex and unexpected.

One major consequence was the rapid growth of illegal alcohol production and distribution. People created secret bars called "speakeasies" where alcohol was sold in secret. Bootleggers and smugglers transported alcohol across state lines or from other countries. The government tried to stop these activities, but enforcement of the law proved extremely difficult. There were not enough agents to police every city and rural area, and many people, including police officers, sometimes ignored or secretly broke the law themselves.

Prohibition also led to the rise of organized crime. Criminal groups saw an opportunity to make huge profits by controlling the production and sale of illegal alcohol. Famous crime leaders, such as Al Capone in Chicago, built powerful criminal empires. These groups often used violence to protect their businesses and fight with rivals. As a result, crime rates in some cities actually increased, which was the opposite of what Prohibition supporters had expected.

Another problem was that the government lost money that it used to collect from taxes on alcohol. This loss of revenue became a serious issue, especially during the Great Depression in the 1930s when the country needed more funds to support people and government programs. Many citizens also became angry or frustrated with the government's attempts to control personal choices.

Eventually, the government and the public realized that Prohibition had failed to achieve its goals and had caused more problems. In 1933, the 21st Amendment was passed, which repealed the 18th Amendment and ended Prohibition. This allowed alcohol to be legally produced, sold, and taxed again. The repeal of Prohibition is an example of how a major law can be changed when it does not work as intended and causes negative consequences for society.

Prohibition is often studied as a lesson in the unintended impacts of government policy. It demonstrates the challenges of enforcement and the importance of considering both the intended and unintended effects of new laws. By examining this period, historians learn how decisions made by leaders can shape a nation's history in surprising ways.

Interesting Fact: During Prohibition, doctors could legally prescribe whiskey for certain illnesses, and pharmacies sometimes became some of the busiest places in town.

When did Prohibition begin?

1920193319191945

Which amendment ended Prohibition?

21st18th19th20th

Who was a famous crime leader during Prohibition?

Al CaponeFranklin RooseveltHenry FordHerbert Hoover

Why was enforcement difficult?

Not enough agentsEasy to spot crimeAlcohol was legalNo one cared

What happened to crime rates in some cities?

They increasedThey disappearedThey stayed the sameThey moved to farms

How did Prohibition affect government revenue?

Revenue decreasedRevenue doubledNo effectRevenue increased