Social Security Act 1935: Safety Net Created — Reading Comprehension

The Social Security Act of 1935 changed the United States by establishing a federal safety net for millions of Americans. During the 1930s, the Great Depression caused widespread hardship. People lost their jobs, savings, and even their homes. The government, led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, recognized an urgent problem: how to help citizens who could not support themselves, especially the elderly, unemployed, and disabled.

Before 1935, there were few government programs to help people in need. Most support came from charities or family members. However, as the economic crisis worsened, these systems became overwhelmed. Older Americans, who could no longer work, often faced poverty. Unemployed workers struggled to find jobs, and families went hungry. The situation demanded a new approach.

President Roosevelt and Congress debated ways to address this crisis. Some feared that government intervention would threaten traditional American values of independence and self-reliance. Others argued that only the federal government could provide enough resources for such a large problem. Roosevelt believed, as he stated in his message to Congress, "We can never insure one hundred percent of the population against one hundred percent of the hazards and vicissitudes of life, but we have tried to frame a law which will give some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family." This quote shows the government's intent: not to solve every problem, but to provide basic security.

The Social Security Act created several important programs. It set up retirement pensions for workers over age 65, funded by payroll taxes collected from employees and employers. It also established unemployment insurance, which gave temporary payments to people who lost their jobs. Aid programs for dependent children and the disabled were included as well. These measures aimed to reduce poverty and give Americans greater economic security during hard times.

The law was controversial. Supporters believed it was necessary for the health of the nation. They argued that the crisis was too big for private charity alone. Critics worried about the cost and warned that it might make people dependent on the government. Some business owners objected to the new payroll taxes. Others were disappointed that large groups, such as agricultural and domestic workers, were initially excluded from benefits. This exclusion highlighted ongoing inequalities in American society.

Despite disagreements, the Social Security Act marked a significant shift in American government. For the first time, the federal government accepted responsibility for the welfare of its citizens. Over time, the Act was expanded to include more people and additional benefits. It became a model for future social welfare programs. The legacy of the Social Security Act is complex: it has helped millions avoid poverty, but debates continue about its costs, effectiveness, and fairness.

By examining the Social Security Act, historians understand how government policies respond to national crises. They also see how Americans debate the balance between individual freedom and collective responsibility. The Act's passage demonstrated both the difficulties and possibilities of reform in a democratic society.

Interesting Fact: The first monthly Social Security check was issued in January 1940 to Ida May Fuller, who received $22.54.

When was the Social Security Act signed?

Who was president during the Act's creation?

Who received the first monthly Social Security check?

What was a major cause for the Act?

Why did some oppose the Act?

What does Roosevelt's quote mean?

The Social Security Act is still debated today.

What is 'unemployment insurance'?