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Texas Independence 1836 — Reading Comprehension

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D2.HIS.2.3-5
D2.HIS.3.3-5
RI.4.3
RI.4.4
W.4.2

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This rigorous U.S. history reading passage analyzes the Texas Independence movement of 1836 and the heated debate over slavery expansion. Students will explore the motivations behind Texas settlers' push for independence, Mexico's anti-slavery policies, and the conflicting perspectives of Tejanos, American settlers, enslaved people, and Mexican officials. The passage uses a compare and contrast structure, integrates a primary source quote, and emphasizes vocabulary development. Activities include a multiple-choice quiz, explanatory writing prompts, and a graphic organizer for critical thinking. The resource includes a Spanish translation and read-aloud audio, making it accessible for diverse learners. Aligned with C3 Framework (D2.His.2.3-5, D2.His.3.3-5) and Common Core (RI.4.3, RI.4.4, W.4.2), this passage challenges students to analyze history using primary evidence, causation, and multiple perspectives. Keywords: Texas Independence, slavery, Mexican Texas, C3 standards, Common Core, U.S. history.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"Sam Houston at San Jacinto" by Henry Arthur McArdle / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

In 1836, American settlers in the Mexican territory of Texas declared their independence and formed the Republic of Texas. This event was the result of growing conflicts between the settlers and the Mexican government. Tensions developed over issues such as laws, governance, and cultural differences, which eventually led to a dramatic revolution.

The Mexican government had encouraged Americans to settle in Texas during the 1820s, hoping they would help develop the land. However, the settlers brought their own customs and expected to have some control over local decisions. When Mexico abolished slavery and tried to enforce stricter laws and taxes, many settlers felt these rules threatened their way of life. Frustration increased when Mexico limited immigration and suspended the Texas constitution, making the settlers feel powerless.

By 1835, dissatisfaction had turned into open conflict. The settlers organized armed resistance, leading to famous battles like the Alamo and Goliad. These events became symbols of sacrifice and courage but also highlighted the severe consequences of war. The leadership of figures such as Sam Houston helped unite the Texan forces. On March 2, 1836, delegates formally declared Texas’s independence, establishing a new republic and adopting a constitution modeled after that of the United States.

Despite declaring independence, the new Republic of Texas faced serious problems. The Mexican government refused to recognize Texas’s sovereignty and continued to launch military attacks. The republic also struggled with financial instability and political disputes among its leaders. Many Texans wanted to join the United States, hoping for security and economic support, but the U.S. government hesitated, worried about conflict with Mexico and the issue of slavery.

After nearly ten years as an independent nation, Texas was finally annexed by the United States in 1845. This decision outraged Mexico, leading to further disputes and eventually the Mexican-American War. The annexation of Texas shaped America’s westward expansion, but it also raised challenging questions about national identity, citizenship, and the balance of power between free and slave states.

The struggle for Texas independence demonstrates the complex effects of migration, cultural conflict, and political change in American history. Historians continue to debate the consequences of these events and the experiences of all groups involved, including Mexican citizens, Tejanos, and enslaved people.

Interesting Fact: The Republic of Texas had its own flag, currency, and president, and was recognized as an independent nation by only a few countries.

What year did Texas declare independence?

1836184518201835

Who was a key leader for Texas?

Sam HoustonStephen F. AustinJames PolkAntonio López de Santa Anna

Which battle became a symbol of sacrifice?

The AlamoGettysburgYorktownSaratoga

Why did Mexico limit immigration to Texas?

To stop American influenceTo encourage tradeTo make Texas independentTo end slavery

What was a major challenge for the Republic of Texas?

Financial instabilityPlenty of resourcesSupport from MexicoNo political disputes

How did annexation impact the U.S.?

Led to westward expansionStopped migrationEnded political disputesDecreased territory