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Understanding Self-Pollination — Reading Comprehension

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MS-LS3-1
MS-LS3-2

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This NGSS-aligned reading passage introduces middle school students to the concept of self-pollination in plants. It explains how self-pollination allows a plant to use its own pollen to fertilize itself and pass on traits to offspring. The passage highlights examples of self-pollinating plants like peas and tomatoes, compares self-pollination to cross-pollination, and discusses the benefits and risks of low genetic diversity. Students will understand why self-pollinating plants often produce genetically identical offspring and how this relates to the NGSS MS-LS3-2 standard. This passage builds reading comprehension in science and helps students connect heredity concepts to real-world plant biology.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Self-pollination is a type of reproduction that happens in many flowering plants. It occurs when pollen from a flower lands on the same flower’s stigma or on another flower of the same plant. This means that the plant does not need pollen from another individual to reproduce. The plant uses its own pollen to fertilize its ovules and produce seeds.

In self-pollination, both the male and female reproductive parts are found on the same plant. This allows the plant to reproduce on its own, even if there are no other plants nearby. Plants like peas, tomatoes, and some orchids use self-pollination. Since the pollen and ovule come from the same plant, the offspring usually have very little genetic variation. They are often genetically similar or identical to the parent.

While this method can be helpful for survival when pollinators like bees are not available, it also has some drawbacks. Without genetic diversity, the plant population may be more vulnerable to disease or environmental changes. If all the plants have the same traits, they may all be affected in the same way.

Self-pollination is different from cross-pollination, where pollen comes from a different plant. Cross-pollination usually leads to more variation in traits, which can be helpful for a species’ long-term survival.

Understanding self-pollination helps scientists and farmers predict how traits are passed on in plants. It also explains why some crops are more uniform in size and shape.

Fun Fact: The pea plants that Gregor Mendel used in his experiments were naturally self-pollinating, which helped him control how traits were passed on from one generation to the next!

What is self-pollination?

Pollen from one plant to anotherPollen landing on the same plantMixing flowers of two speciesPollination done by insects only

What part of the plant receives the pollen?

LeafRootStigmaStem

Which of these plants uses self-pollination?

RosesPeasCornPine trees

Why is genetic variation low in self-pollination?

It uses no pollenThe seeds don’t formTraits change oftenPollen and ovules come from same plant

What is one advantage of self-pollination?

Needs many insectsWorks with few plants aroundIncreases gene mixingChanges plant shape

What is a risk of low genetic diversity?

Faster growthStronger flowersVulnerability to diseaseMore pollinators

What is the main idea of the passage?

Bees help all pollinationSelf-pollination causes plants to dieSelf-pollination helps reproduction but limits variationPlants need other plants to pollinate

How did self-pollinating pea plants help Gregor Mendel?

They grew fasterThey didn’t need waterHe could track inherited traits easilyThey lived for many years