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George Washington Early Life — Reading Comprehension

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This reading passage explores George Washington’s remarkable journey from Virginia plantation farmer to the first president of the United States. Students will analyze how Washington’s leadership, character, and sense of service shaped not only the outcome of the American Revolution but also the development of the new government. The passage addresses the complexities and challenges Washington faced, highlighting his commitment to precedent and the lasting impact of his decisions. Aligned to HSS 8.3.4, RI.6-8.1, and RI.6-8.2, this resource includes a glossary, differentiated and Spanish versions, timeline, graphic organizers, and assessment activities. It also provides a read aloud and is designed to help students develop historical reasoning and ELA skills while engaging with the story of one of America’s foundational leaders.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"George Washington MET DT220048" by James Peale /
Source: Wikimedia Commons (CC0).

George Washington’s life tells the story of a man whose actions helped shape the United States. Born in 1732 in Virginia, Washington grew up on a plantation. As a young man, he managed farmland and learned the importance of hard work and responsibility. His experience as a planter and surveyor gave him practical skills and a strong sense of character. These qualities would later define his leadership.

The American colonies faced growing tension with Great Britain in the mid-1700s. Washington, though not born into great wealth, became known for his integrity and willingness to serve. When conflict erupted, he was chosen to command the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Leading an army of farmers and volunteers against a powerful British force, Washington encountered many challenges. His ability to motivate his troops and his skillful use of strategy were crucial to the eventual victory. Washington’s perseverance, even during harsh winters and repeated losses, demonstrated his commitment to the cause of independence.

After the war, the new nation needed stability. Many Americans were unsure about the future government. Some feared a return to monarchy, while others worried about too much power in a single leader’s hands. Washington’s reputation for honesty and service made him a trusted figure. In 1789, he was unanimously elected as the first president of the United States. He accepted the position reluctantly, believing that serving the country was his duty rather than a quest for personal power.

As president, Washington set important precedents that shaped the office and the government. He established a cabinet of advisors, supported the creation of a national bank, and encouraged peaceful solutions to international disputes. Perhaps most significantly, Washington decided not to seek a third term, showing that leaders should not hold power indefinitely. This peaceful transfer of power became a model for future presidents and strengthened the country’s democracy.

Washington’s leadership was not without conflicts or criticism. He faced opposition from political rivals and made difficult decisions, such as putting down the Whiskey Rebellion to support federal law. Washington believed that unity and cooperation were essential for the nation’s survival. In his farewell address, he warned against political parties and foreign entanglements, hoping to guide future generations.

Although Washington owned enslaved people throughout much of his life, he struggled privately with the issue of slavery. In his will, he arranged for the freedom of the enslaved people he owned, a decision that set him apart from many of his peers. This act reflected both his personal evolution and the complicated history of the founding era.

George Washington’s journey from farmer to president demonstrates how leadership, service, and strong character can influence a nation’s destiny. The precedents he established continue to shape American government and society today.

Interesting Fact: Washington was the only president unanimously elected by the Electoral College—both times he ran for office.

Where was George Washington born?

VirginiaNew YorkMassachusettsPennsylvania

Which army did Washington command?

British ArmyFrench ArmyContinental ArmyUnion Army

In what year was Washington elected first president?

1775178918011797

Why did Washington decide not to serve a third term?

He lost the electionHe wanted to set a precedentHe was illCongress told him to stop

What was one challenge Washington faced as a general?

Lack of moneyLack of soldiersHarsh winters and lossesNo support from people

How did Washington's actions shape the presidency?