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Metals in Periodic Table — Reading Comprehension

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This middle school science passage, aligned to NGSS standard MS-PS1-1, introduces students to the properties and mechanisms behind metals. Students learn how metals' unique characteristics—such as luster, conductivity, malleability, and ductility—arise from their atomic structure. The passage explains how these physical properties are connected to the arrangement of metals on the periodic table and highlights technology and real-world applications, from electrical wiring to coins. With clear explanations, embedded academic vocabulary, and relatable examples, the passage supports scientific thinking and systems understanding. Spanish translations and differentiated versions make it accessible for all learners. Includes glossary, comprehension questions, writing prompts, and graphic organizers. This resource is audio-integrated, making it suitable for diverse classrooms and reinforcing key science concepts for grades 6-8.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Metals are a group of elements that make up the majority of the periodic table. Their importance in daily life is evident in everything from coins and cooking pans to skyscrapers and smartphones. The unique properties of metals, such as luster, conductivity, malleability, and ductility, have shaped technology and society. Scientists have worked to understand why metals behave differently from other elements and how their structure leads to these remarkable traits.

Atomic Structure and Physical Properties
Metals are found on the left and center of the periodic table. They are typically solid at room temperature, except for mercury, which is a liquid. At the atomic level, metals have a structure called a metallic bond. In this bond, atoms share a 'sea' of electrons that move freely between them. This movement of electrons explains why metals conduct electricity and heat so well. For example, copper wires are used in electrical circuits because their free electrons allow electric current to flow efficiently. The same structure gives metals their shiny appearance, or luster, because light bounces off the closely packed atoms. The ability to bend and shape metals without breaking—called malleability—and to stretch them into wires—called ductility—are also results of this flexible atomic arrangement.

Examples and Applications
Different metals are chosen for specific uses based on their properties. Iron is strong and forms the backbone of buildings and bridges. Aluminum is lightweight and resists rust, making it perfect for airplane bodies and soda cans. Gold and copper are excellent conductors and are used in electronics and jewelry. Quantitatively, about 75% of the elements in the periodic table are classified as metals. This abundance allows for a wide range of alloys—mixtures of metals with other elements—to further enhance their properties. For instance, adding carbon to iron creates steel, which is even stronger and more durable.

Metals in Society and Science
The interactions between metals and their surroundings have broad implications. Conductive metals have enabled the development of power grids and advanced electronics, which are essential for modern society. However, not all metals are equally reactive. Some, like gold, resist corrosion, while others, like iron, rust easily when exposed to air and water. Understanding these differences helps engineers select the right material for specific environments, whether building a bridge or designing a smartphone.

Metals illustrate how atomic-level structures influence the observable world. Their physical properties arise from the interactions of electrons and atoms, demonstrating key principles of chemistry and physics. As new alloys and materials are developed, the study of metals continues to drive technological innovation and scientific discovery.

Interesting Fact:
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, making it unique among all metals on the periodic table.

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

On the left and centerOnly on the rightOnly at the bottomIn a separate group at the top

What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?

IronMercuryGoldCopper

Which property allows metals to be hammered into sheets without breaking?

LusterConductivityMalleabilityDuctility

What does conductivity mean in relation to metals?

The ability to reflect lightThe ability to let heat and electricity pass throughThe ability to be mixed with waterThe ability to rust quickly

What is a metallic bond?

A bond where atoms share a fixed pair of electronsA bond with a sea of free-moving electronsA bond only found in gasesA bond that makes metals break easily

Based on the passage, why are copper wires used in electrical circuits?

Copper is lightweight and rusts easilyCopper is colorful and softCopper conducts electricity very wellCopper is the only metal that is magnetic

Why do scientists mix metals with other elements to create alloys?

To make them weakerTo improve or change their propertiesTo make them melt fasterTo make them more expensive

If a material can be drawn into wires, it is described as:

MagneticLustrousDuctileConductive

True or False: All metals are solid at room temperature.

TrueFalse

True or False: Gold resists corrosion better than iron.

TrueFalse