What is Basalt Used For — Reading Comprehension

One very common and important type of rock is called basalt. Basalt is an igneous rock, which means it forms when hot, molten rock cools and hardens. This molten rock can be magma, found deep inside the Earth, or lava, which erupts from volcanoes onto the Earth's surface. Basalt is often dark-colored and has a fine-grained texture because it cools quickly.

Basalt is one of Earth's most abundant rocks, especially on the ocean floor and in areas with a history of volcanic activity. The uneven distribution of Earth's mineral resources, like basalt, is a direct result of past and current geoscience processes. Volcanoes, through their eruptions, spread lava across vast areas, creating large deposits of basalt. Over millions of years, these geological processes, including erosion and tectonic plate movements, continue to shape where we find these valuable resources.

So, what makes basalt so useful? Its strength and durability make it perfect for construction. Many roads are built with basalt because it can withstand heavy traffic and harsh weather. It's crushed and used as aggregate in concrete and asphalt. Think of all the roads, bridges, and buildings around you – many of them likely contain basalt! Its dark color also helps roads absorb heat, which can be useful in colder climates to melt ice.

Beyond construction, basalt has other surprising uses. When basalt rock is melted down and spun into fibers, it creates something called rock wool. Rock wool is an excellent insulator, used in homes and buildings to keep them warm in winter and cool in summer. This saves energy and makes homes more comfortable. It's also used in hydroponics, a method of growing plants without soil, because it holds water and air well.

The widespread availability and versatile properties of basalt make it a very valuable mineral resource. From the foundations of our homes to the roads we drive on, basalt plays a crucial role in our daily lives, all thanks to Earth's dynamic geological processes. 

Interesting Fact: The largest known basaltic lava flow on Earth is the Columbia River Basalt Group in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, which covers an area larger than the state of Oregon!

What is basalt?

What is rock wool made from?

Basalt is formed from molten rock.

The word 'igneous' in the passage refers to:

Why is basalt suitable for roads?

How does basalt's dark color help roads?

What property of rock wool makes it useful for insulation?

Where is basalt most commonly found on Earth?

If a new volcanic island forms, what rock type would you expect to be abundant?

Which scenario best describes basalt's formation?