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George Washington Constitutional Convention — Reading Comprehension

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This passage explores George Washington's pivotal role at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, focusing on his influence, leadership, and the complexities of forming a new government for the United States. The reading highlights multiple perspectives, including the motivations and concerns of delegates from different states, and analyzes the challenges faced in creating a unified Constitution. Students will examine historical evidence, such as quotes from Washington and other Founding Fathers, and learn key academic vocabulary. The content is aligned with HSS 8.2 and RI.6.3 standards, making it ideal for classroom instruction. The resource includes a Spanish translation, differentiated version for accessible reading, and a variety of activities such as a multiple-choice quiz, writing prompts, graphic organizers, and a timeline. Read aloud audio is also available, making this a comprehensive resource for understanding the formation of the U.S. government and the significance of George Washington's leadership at the Convention.

CONTENT PREVIEW

"Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States" by Howard Chandler Christy /
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was a turning point for the United States. After years of struggle under the Articles of Confederation, the nation faced serious problems, such as a weak central government and disputes between the states. The need for a stronger framework of government became urgent. To address these challenges, delegates from twelve states met in Philadelphia, and George Washington was unanimously chosen to preside over the convention.

Washington’s role as the presiding officer was both symbolic and practical. His reputation as a respected leader and former commander of the Continental Army gave the convention immediate credibility. Many Americans trusted Washington’s judgment, and his presence reassured delegates that the process would be fair and orderly. This was important because the delegates needed public support for any new plan they developed.

However, the convention was not free from conflict. Delegates debated fiercely over key issues, such as the balance of power between large and small states and how representatives would be chosen. Washington rarely spoke during these debates, choosing instead to guide the proceedings calmly and enforce the rules. By doing so, he helped maintain order and encouraged compromise, which was essential for progress.

One major problem was how to create a government strong enough to govern effectively but not so powerful that it threatened individual freedoms. Washington’s steady leadership allowed delegates like James Madison and Benjamin Franklin to propose solutions, including a system of checks and balances. This system would prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. The final document, the United States Constitution, became a compromise that combined different ideas and solved many of the nation’s problems.

Washington’s support for the new Constitution was crucial in the ratification process. Many Americans were suspicious of the new plan, fearing it gave too much power to the federal government. Washington’s endorsement convinced many people that the Constitution was trustworthy. States held conventions to debate and vote on ratification, and Washington’s reputation influenced several undecided states to approve the Constitution.

After the Constitution was ratified, Washington was elected as the first President of the United States. His actions as president set important precedents for future leaders, such as serving only two terms and respecting the limits of presidential power. Thus, his leadership at the Constitutional Convention had a lasting impact on the development of American democracy.

Interesting Fact: During the hot Philadelphia summer of 1787, windows were kept closed for secrecy, making the debates extremely uncomfortable for the delegates, including George Washington.

Who presided over the Constitutional Convention?

George WashingtonJames MadisonThomas JeffersonJohn Adams

Where did the Constitutional Convention take place?

BostonPhiladelphiaNew YorkRichmond

What document did the convention create?

Bill of RightsDeclaration of IndependenceU.S. ConstitutionFederalist Papers

Why was Washington’s presence important?

He wrote the ConstitutionHe kept order and gave credibilityHe was from a big stateHe argued for small states

How did Washington influence ratification?

By writing essaysBy leading debatesBy supporting the ConstitutionBy voting in every state

What was a key problem at the convention?

Choosing the new capitalBalancing state and federal powerEnding the warWriting the Declaration