Sustainability and Individual Action — Reading Comprehension

Sustainability is the scientific principle of meeting the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept is crucial as the world’s population grows and the demand for natural resources increases. Many scientists are asking: how can we balance human development with the health of our planet? To answer this, researchers use data and scientific models to study the connections between resource use, the environment, and society.

Understanding Sustainability and Ecological Footprints
One key idea in sustainability is sustainable development, which aims to balance economic growth, social well-being, and environmental health. Scientists use the term ecological footprint to measure how much land, water, and other resources a person or community uses. For example, the average ecological footprint in the United States is about 8 global hectares per person, while the world average is closer to 2.8. If everyone lived like Americans, we would need almost five planets’ worth of resources! This shows why it’s important to find ways to use resources more efficiently.

Reducing Our Impact: Individual and Collective Action
Individuals can lower their ecological footprints by following the reduce, reuse, recycle principle. This means using less, finding new uses for items, and recycling materials. Energy conservation—such as turning off lights, using public transportation, or choosing renewable energy sources—also makes a big difference. Making sustainable food choices, like eating more plants and less meat, can reduce water and land use. When individuals act together through community cleanups, citizen science, or environmental advocacy, their impact grows even larger. For example, communities that set up recycling programs can reduce landfill waste by up to 30%.

Hope, Empowerment, and Careers in Sustainability
Solving environmental challenges requires both scientific knowledge and social cooperation. There are many careers in sustainability, including environmental scientists, green engineers, and conservation officers. These professionals use evidence from research and fieldwork to create solutions that benefit people and the planet. Students can get involved through school projects, volunteering, or science-based clubs. By understanding cause-and-effect relationships, young people can help lead change and inspire others.

Sustainability is not just a scientific goal; it’s a shared responsibility. When people work together and make informed choices, they help ensure a healthy, fair, and thriving world for the future.

Interesting Fact: If every household in the United States replaced just one light bulb with an energy-saving LED, it would prevent greenhouse gas emissions equal to taking 800,000 cars off the road each year!

What is the main idea of sustainability as described in the passage?

What does the term 'ecological footprint' measure?

According to the passage, what can communities achieve by setting up recycling programs?

Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce your ecological footprint according to the passage?

What is an example of collective action mentioned in the passage?

In context, what does 'reduce, reuse, recycle' mean?

What is a career in sustainability as described in the passage?

Why do scientists use models and data to study sustainability?

True or False: If everyone lived like Americans, we would need almost five Earths’ worth of resources.

True or False: Energy conservation has no effect on greenhouse gas emissions.