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The Iroquois Influence on the Constitution — Reading Comprehension

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This comprehensive U.S. history reading passage investigates the possible influence of the Iroquois Confederacy’s Great Law of Peace on the United States Constitution. Students analyze similarities and differences between Native American governance and American democracy, exploring concepts like influence, government, and contribution. Designed to meet HSS 8.2.1 and CCSS.RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.8 standards, this resource challenges students to think critically and use evidence to support historical claims. The passage includes a glossary of key terms, a multiple-choice quiz, and explanatory writing prompts. It also features differentiated and Spanish-translated versions for accessibility, a timeline, and graphic organizers to support comprehension. Read aloud audio and a relevant public domain image further enrich the learning experience.

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"Iroquois 5 Nation Map c1650" by R. A. Nonenmacher / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Haudenosaunee, was a powerful alliance of Native American nations in the northeastern part of North America. The member nations—Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and later Tuscarora—created a system of government known as the Great Law of Peace. Some historians believe that this system had an influence on the creation of the United States Constitution.

The Great Law of Peace established a council where representatives from each nation made decisions together. This council system allowed for shared leadership, debate, and checks on power. The idea of a confederacy—a group of states or nations joined together for a common purpose—was central to both the Iroquois and the future United States. The Iroquois used a process of consensus, meaning all members agreed before making a major decision. This idea was similar to the American Founders' search for a democracy where people had a voice in their government.

When American leaders met at the Constitutional Convention in 1787, they faced challenges in uniting the thirteen colonies. The colonies needed a system that balanced the rights of large and small states. Some scholars argue that the Iroquois model provided an example of how separate groups could cooperate while maintaining their own identities. Benjamin Franklin, an important American leader, met with Iroquois leaders and admired their methods of decision-making. Franklin even wrote about the Great Law of Peace and suggested that the colonies could learn from the Iroquois confederacy.

However, historians continue to debate how much the Iroquois Confederacy directly shaped the U.S. Constitution. While there are similarities, such as representative councils and checks on power, there are also important differences. For example, the Iroquois emphasized consensus, while the Constitution allows for majority rule. The U.S. system also developed within the context of European political ideas, like those from England and France. Some critics argue that the influence of the Iroquois has been overstated, while others believe it is an important example of Native American contribution to American democracy.

Despite the debate, studying the Iroquois Confederacy helps us understand the diversity of ideas that shaped the American system. It reminds us that democracy in the United States was not created in isolation. Instead, it developed through the exchange of ideas among different cultures. Recognizing Native American contributions encourages us to look for evidence and appreciate the complexity of history.

Interesting Fact: In 1988, the U.S. Congress passed a resolution recognizing the influence of the Iroquois Confederacy and the Great Law of Peace on the development of the United States Constitution.

What was the Iroquois Confederacy also called?

HaudenosauneeCherokeeNavajoLakota

How many original nations were in the Iroquois Confederacy?

SixThreeTenFive

When did the Constitutional Convention take place?

1492178719881620

What is consensus?

General agreementVoting for a leaderOnly one person decidesIgnoring other opinions

Why did Benjamin Franklin admire the Iroquois?

For their decision-making methodsFor their farming techniquesFor their artFor their language

How are the Iroquois and U.S. systems similar?

Both use representative councilsBoth have kingsBoth use only consensusBoth are in Europe