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Erasmus — Reading Comprehension

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This engaging world history passage explores the life and legacy of Desiderius Erasmus, a leading Dutch humanist of the Northern European Renaissance. Students will learn about Erasmus's role in translating the New Testament, his influence on educational reforms, and his advocacy for critical thinking and religious tolerance. The passage includes primary source examples and connects Erasmus's contributions to changes in European society, making historical analysis accessible and meaningful. This resource is aligned with CA HSS 7.8.1 and CCSS.RI.6.3 standards, supporting both history and ELA learning objectives. It is ideal for developing skills in historical thinking, vocabulary, and evidence-based writing. The passage comes with a read aloud audio feature, Spanish translation, multiple-choice and writing activities, as well as graphic organizers and a timeline for comprehensive learning.

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"Holbein-erasmus" by Hans Holbein the Younger / Wikimedia Commons.

Desiderius Erasmus was one of the most influential thinkers of the Northern European Renaissance. Born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in 1466, Erasmus became known across Europe as a leading humanist. Humanists believed in the power of education, the study of classical texts, and the value of critical thinking. Erasmus used his talents to improve learning, support religious reform, and encourage open discussion of new ideas.

During the late 1400s and early 1500s, the Renaissance spread north from Italy into places like the Netherlands, Germany, and England. Erasmus traveled widely, visiting important cities such as Paris, London, and Basel. He formed friendships with other Renaissance scholars, including Sir Thomas More in England. Erasmus believed in the importance of returning to the original sources, especially the Bible. In 1516, he published a new Latin translation of the New Testament, using ancient Greek manuscripts. This work allowed scholars to compare the Bible’s words more accurately and inspired further study and religious debate. Erasmus’s translation was a major event in European intellectual history and influenced figures such as Martin Luther.

Erasmus also advocated for educational reform. He argued that learning should focus on fostering reason and personal understanding, rather than just memorizing facts. In his book "On the Education of a Christian Prince" (1516), Erasmus advised rulers to be wise, just, and guided by ethics, not just tradition. He produced textbooks, wrote letters to students and teachers, and encouraged the study of languages and classical literature. As a result, schools across Northern Europe began to adopt new teaching methods that emphasized questioning and discussion.

Erasmus’s work contributed to major changes in European society. His writings challenged some traditional religious practices and encouraged people to think for themselves. However, he also supported peace and tolerance, arguing against violence and harsh punishment. He was sometimes criticized by both Catholic and Protestant leaders, but he remained committed to reform through education and dialogue. Erasmus’s legacy continued after his death in 1536, as humanist ideas spread and shaped modern European thought.

By connecting classical learning to everyday life, Erasmus helped transform how people thought about education, religion, and society. His ideas demonstrate the power of knowledge and the importance of asking questions. The Renaissance in Northern Europe was not just about art or science, but also about changing how people understood the world and their role in it.

Interesting Fact: Erasmus wrote most of his books by hand and sent thousands of letters to scholars all over Europe, helping to create a network of intellectual exchange.

Where was Erasmus born?

RotterdamLondonParisRome

What did Erasmus translate in 1516?

New TestamentOld TestamentGreek poetryRoman law

Who was Erasmus's friend in England?

Thomas MoreMartin LutherIsaac NewtonLeonardo da Vinci

Why did Erasmus want educational reform?

To encourage critical thinkingTo build more churchesFor political powerTo stop travel

How did his translation affect Europe?

Inspired religious debateStopped all reformsEnded the RenaissanceStarted the Roman Empire

What did Erasmus argue rulers should follow?

EthicsSuperstitionWarTradition only