Fluid Pressure — Reading Comprehension

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Grades

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MS-PS2-2

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This engaging middle school science passage explores the concept of fluid pressure, aligned to NGSS standard MS-PS2-2. Students will learn that pressure is defined as force per unit area (P = F/A) and measured in Pascals (Pa). The passage explains how fluids exert pressure equally in all directions and why this pressure increases with depth. Real-world examples such as ears popping underwater and water pressure in pipes help make abstract ideas concrete. Connections to broader scientific principles, like how pressure relates to force and area, are emphasized. The passage is accompanied by a glossary, differentiated versions for struggling readers, Spanish translations, reading comprehension and vocabulary quiz, writing prompts, and supportive graphic organizers. It is designed for students in grades 6-8 and is audio-integrated for accessibility. This resource is ideal for teachers seeking rigorous, standards-aligned content that fosters scientific thinking and real-world application.

CONTENT PREVIEW

Two young girls enjoying a playful day in a bright blue swimming pool with colorful float rings. — When you swim deeper into a pool,water exerts pressure on your body as you go deeper.Image by Juan Salamanca / Pexels.

Fluid pressure is a fundamental concept in science that affects many aspects of our everyday lives. When you swim deeper into a pool, you may notice your ears feel different. This is because water exerts pressure on your body as you go deeper. Engineers and scientists rely on the concept of pressure to design safe water systems, submarines, and even medical devices. Understanding fluid pressure helps explain not just how objects behave in water, but also how air and other gases interact with us and the world around us.

What Is Pressure?

Pressure is defined as the amount of force applied over a specific area. The scientific formula for pressure is P = F/A, where P stands for pressure, F is force, and A is area. The unit of pressure in the International System is the Pascal (Pa), which equals one newton of force applied over one square meter. When a fluid, such as water or air, comes into contact with a surface, it pushes against that surface with a force spread out over the area. If you stand on the bottom of a pool, the water above you creates pressure by pushing down on your body. The greater the depth, the more water is above you, resulting in a higher pressure.

Fluids Exert Pressure in All Directions

One key feature of fluids—which include both liquids and gases—is that they exert pressure equally in every direction. This explains why your ears pop as you dive deeper in water; the pressure changes not just from above, but from all sides. Similarly, water pipes in your home must be built to handle pressure from every direction, not just from above. Scientists have measured how pressure increases with depth: for every 10 meters you go deeper in water, the pressure increases by about 100,000 Pascals (Pa). This relationship is used in designing submarines, deep-sea diving suits, and even in predicting weather patterns based on changes in atmospheric pressure.

Applications and Broader Implications

Understanding fluid pressure leads to important real-world solutions. In medicine, blood pressure is a measure of how much force blood exerts on the walls of arteries. In environmental science, studying fluid pressure helps us predict how groundwater will move through soil or how ocean currents affect climates. The concept of pressure also connects to other scientific principles, such as Newton’s laws of motion, by describing how forces interact with matter. Whether it’s the pressure in a bicycle tire or the design of a dam, the science of fluid pressure has wide-ranging impacts on technology, health, and safety.

In summary, fluid pressure is a crucial force that acts in all directions and increases with depth. It helps us understand the behavior of fluids in everyday situations and is essential for solving real-world problems in science and engineering. By mastering this concept, we can make better predictions, design safer systems, and appreciate the hidden forces that shape our world.

Interesting Fact:
At the deepest part of the ocean, the pressure is over 1,000 times greater than at sea level—enough to crush most submarines!

What is the scientific formula for pressure?

P = F/AF = A/PP = F x AA = P/F

Which unit is used to measure pressure in the International System?

NewtonPascalKilogramMeter

According to the passage, why do your ears pop when you dive deeper in water?

Because pressure changes in all directions, not just from above.Because water is colder at the bottom.Because light cannot reach deep water.Because the water moves faster at depth.

What happens to fluid pressure as you go deeper underwater?

It decreases.It stays the same.It increases.It disappears.

What does 'area' mean in the context of pressure?

The amount of force applied.The size of the surface where force is spread.The depth of the water.The speed of the fluid.

What is an example of fluid pressure in medicine mentioned in the passage?

Checking blood pressure in arteries.Building a dam.Measuring wind speed.Testing bicycle tires.

Which of the following is TRUE about fluids?

They only exert pressure downward.They exert pressure in all directions.

Fluids include both liquids and gases.

TrueFalse

If the force applied to an area increases but the area stays the same, what happens to the pressure?

The pressure increases.The pressure decreases.The pressure stays the same.The pressure disappears.

Why is understanding fluid pressure important for engineers?

It helps them design safe water systems and structures.It helps them identify plant species.It allows them to predict the color of water.It helps them make faster cars.