How to Stay Safe During an Earthquake

When an earthquake strikes, knowing what to do can protect your life. Scientists and emergency experts recommend one main action worldwide: Drop, Cover, and Hold On. This three-step process keeps you safe from the two biggest dangers during earthquakes—falling down from shaking ground and getting hit by falling objects. Evidence shows that following these steps reduces injuries during seismic events.

The first step is to drop to your hands and knees immediately when you feel shaking. This position prevents the earthquake from knocking you over. Strong ground motion can make it impossible to walk or run safely. Getting low to the ground gives you stability and control. The second step is to take cover under a sturdy desk or table. This shelter protects your head and body from falling ceiling tiles, light fixtures, and other objects. If no table is available, crawl next to an interior wall away from windows. Cover your head and neck with your arms. The third step is to hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops completely. The desk or table may move during strong shaking, so grip a leg firmly.

Stay away from windows during an earthquake because glass can shatter and cause serious cuts. Avoid tall furniture like bookcases that can tip over. Never run outside during shaking—falling debris from buildings poses major risks. Do not use elevators because they can stop working or become stuck between floors. If you are outdoors when shaking starts, move quickly to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines. Drop to the ground and protect your head until the shaking ends.

Being prepared before an earthquake happens is just as important as knowing what to do during one. Families should create an emergency kit with water, food, flashlights, batteries, and a first aid kit. Make a communication plan so family members know how to contact each other if separated. Secure heavy furniture and water heaters to walls using straps or brackets. This mitigation work prevents items from falling during shaking. After the main earthquake, stay alert for aftershocks—smaller earthquakes that follow the main event. Aftershocks can cause additional damage to weakened structures.

In 2011, Japan experienced a magnitude 9.0 earthquake. Many lives were saved because people practiced earthquake drills regularly and knew to Drop, Cover, and Hold On. This real-world example demonstrates how preparation and quick action protect communities during seismic hazards. Understanding earthquake safety connects what you learn about Earth's processes to actions that can save your life and help others. Taking these steps seriously means you are ready to respond when shaking begins.

Interesting Fact: Scientists estimate that millions of earthquakes occur each year worldwide, but most are too small for people to feel. Only about 100 earthquakes each year are strong enough to cause damage.