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Petrarch Father of Humanism — Reading Comprehension

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This rigorous world history reading passage introduces students to Francesco Petrarch, known as the Father of Humanism, and his pivotal role in the European Renaissance. Students will learn how Petrarch revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts, contributed to new literary forms, and helped inspire a movement that valued the study of humanity and individual thought. The passage includes key vocabulary, multiple examples from historical sources, and explains the impact of Petrarch's work on later thinkers, art, and literature. Activities include a multiple-choice quiz, writing prompts, graphic organizers, and a timeline for deeper analysis. Spanish translation and read aloud audio are included. This passage aligns with CA HSS 7.8 and CCSS RI.6.3, providing both rigorous historical content and ELA skill-building for middle school classrooms.

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"Francesco Petrarch by Justo de Gante" by Justus van Gent / Wikimedia Commons.

Francesco Petrarch (1304–1374) is often called the Father of Humanism, a movement that changed the course of European history during the Renaissance. Born in Arezzo, Italy, Petrarch dedicated his life to studying and reviving ancient Greek and Roman texts, believing that learning from the past could improve society. His ideas and writings marked a new age in European thought.

Petrarch traveled throughout Italy and France in search of forgotten manuscripts and classical works. He discovered letters by Cicero, a famous Roman orator, which inspired him to study Latin literature and philosophy. Petrarch believed that studying ancient texts could help people become better citizens and live more meaningful lives. He argued that education should focus on the study of humanities, such as history, poetry, and moral philosophy, rather than just religious studies. Petrarch’s admiration for ancient authors led him to write to classical figures as if they were still alive, a practice found in his collection of letters called “Epistolae Familiares.”

As a poet, Petrarch is best known for his “Canzoniere,” a series of sonnets written in Italian about his love for a woman named Laura. These poems introduced new forms of lyric poetry to Europe. By writing in Italian rather than Latin, Petrarch made poetry more accessible to ordinary people. His use of personal emotion, vivid imagery, and elegant language influenced later poets such as Dante and Shakespeare. In 1341, Petrarch was crowned poet laureate in Rome, an honor that had not been given since ancient times. This event showed how much Renaissance society valued classical learning and artistic achievement.

Petrarch’s work helped lay the foundation for the humanist movement. Humanists believed that individuals could improve themselves and their communities through education and critical thinking. This was a major shift from the medieval focus on religious authority. Petrarch’s rediscovery of texts like Cicero’s letters inspired other scholars to search for more ancient works, leading to the creation of libraries and universities. His influence spread across Europe, encouraging artists, writers, and scientists to explore new ideas about human potential and the world.

Petrarch’s contributions signaled a turning point in European history. By promoting the study of the humanities and emphasizing the value of the individual, he helped shape the beliefs and achievements of the Renaissance. His legacy can be seen in the art, literature, and scientific discoveries that followed. Petrarch’s ideas connect to broader themes in world history, such as the development of new ways of thinking and the importance of cultural exchange.

Interesting Fact: Petrarch once climbed Mount Ventoux in France in 1336, describing the experience as a journey of self-discovery—a rare personal adventure for his time.

Where was Petrarch born?

Arezzo, ItalyParis, FranceLondon, EnglandFlorence, Italy

What did Petrarch discover?

Cicero's lettersDa Vinci's notebooksGalileo's telescopeHomer's epics

What year was Petrarch crowned poet laureate?

1341149213041374

Why did Petrarch study ancient texts?

To improve societyTo learn medicineFor religious reasonsTo become king

How did Petrarch's poetry influence others?

Inspired new poetsLed warsStopped tradeStarted universities

What made the humanist movement different?

Focus on individual learningOnly religious studyBanned poetryNo classical texts